3.5 Acknowledging Indigenous Connections To Land

The focus of this book is the developing and maintaining of business relationships through verbal and written communication. Our desire to create positive relationships and trust can be established in part through the sincere and authentic delivery of a Land Acknowledgment.

You may be called upon to deliver a Land Acknowledgment at an event, meeting, or ceremony. Your instructor may have delivered an acknowledgment at the start of your university course, or you may have heard one at a sports event or theatre production. These acknowledgments recognize the First Nations, Métis, and/or Inuit territories on which the acknowledgment is delivered. They are essential for establishing respectful and reciprocal relations with the people on whose land we both live and conduct economic activity.

Acknowledgments also remind us that we are obligated to fulfill our agreements with Indigenous people; in much of Atlantic Canada, located in Mi’kma’qi, these covenants are laid out in the Treaties of Peace and Friendship. These treaties established peaceful relationships between the English and the Mi’kmaq and preserve Mi’kmaw rights. All of us now living in Mi’kma’qi benefit from and are bound to uphold these treaties. This  video (thirteen minutes) helps us understand what we mean when we say, “We are all Treaty people.” Be sure to answer all questions in the video and click the green button to submit your responses at the end.

(Direct link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RElug0TiAZw)

The relationship between the Mi’kmaq and this land has existed for 13,000 years and will continue into the future. This land includes “the realms of the human world, the sky dwellers, the water beings, forest creatures and all other forms of life,” and it is sacred (Assembly of First Nations, n.d., para.1).  Land Acknowledgments recognize the significant relationship between Indigenous people and land.

In addition, Acknowledgments remind us of historical and contemporary colonial violence toward Indigenous people. They challenge the myth that settlers found an empty land waiting to be occupied, and they voice genocidal colonial policies to eradicate Indigenous peoples (Huntington, 2021; Wark, 2021). Acknowledgments are a starting place to a change in our relationships with both the Land and its Indigenous Peoples. They help redefine how people place themselves in relation to the land, and they act as an introduction for non-Indigenous people to the land’s accurate colonial history and the importance of Indigenous self-governance of their territories (Huntington, 2021).

This chapter discusses why it is important that we acknowledge Indigenous peoples and territory, what you should do in preparation for delivering or writing an acknowledgment, and the steps to follow in creating a meaningful statement.

Why Acknowledge Territory?

In 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC) began collecting the experiences and impacts of residential schools on Indigenous individuals and communities.  Their 2015 final report details the loss of identity and culture resulting from the separation of children from their families. The report states,

The Canadian government pursued this policy of cultural genocide because it wished to divest itself of its legal and financial obligations to Aboriginal people and gain control over their land and resources. If every Aboriginal person had been “absorbed into the body politic,” there would be no reserves, no Treaties, and no Aboriginal rights.

To address the long history of physical and cultural genocide, the TRC created 94 “Calls to Action”.  Call to Action #92 addresses the responsibility of Business. The corporate sector is asked to

i. Commit to meaningful consultation, building respectful relationships, and obtaining the free, prior, and informed consent of Indigenous peoples before proceeding with economic development projects.

ii. Ensure that Aboriginal peoples have equitable access to jobs, training, and education opportunities in the corporate sector, and that Aboriginal communities gain long-term sustainable benefits from economic development projects.

iii. Provide education for management and staff on the history of Aboriginal peoples, including the history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, Indigenous law, and Aboriginal–Crown relations. This will require skills based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism. (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015)

[Note. The use of the word Aboriginal is no longer considered acceptable in reference to First Nations, Métis, or Inuit peoples.]

Presenting a Land Acknowledgment works toward “building respectful relationships” and furthers your training in intercultural competency and anti-racism. This 4-minute video, produced in the United States, explains the effect an acknowledgment can have in creating positive relationships with Indigenous people.

(Direct link to #HonourNativeLand by the US Department of Arts and Culture video)

In summary, we acknowledge territory to

• recognize Indigenous connections to the land;
• celebrate our Indigenous communities and their stewardship of the land;
• accept our colonial past and the impact of colonialism;
• recognize that we have obligations to fulfill as outlined in the Treaties for our region;
• demonstrate to Indigenous people who are in the space that potential allies are present;
• demonstrate awareness of Indigenous land rights; and
• move toward establishing respectful relationships.

Before Creating Your Acknowledgment

Before writing a Land Acknowledgment, build your knowledge about the land and its Indigenous peoples, look at issues with land acknowledgments, and consider actions you might take toward Reconciliation.

This 7-minute video “How To Create An Effective and Personal Land Acknowledgement” by Zhaawnong Webb, a Trent University student,  provides an overview.

(Direct link to How to Create an Effective and Personal Land Acknowledgment)

Explore the Land You Are on and Its Indigenous Peoples.

Begin your exploration by discovering where you are. Go to Native-Land.ca. Enter the location for your Land Acknowledgment presentation. You may also wish to look at the territorial map of your birthplace or other places of significance to you.

Image by Native-land.ca. Used with permission.

Learn about the history of the territory and its people. If you are in Atlantic Canada, you can explore the Mi’kmaq History Month site or the Mi’kmawey Debert Cultural Centre site . These sites contain information about Mi’kmaw history and experience through links to treaties, videos, and posters. Exploring the sites provides an overview of the Mi’kmaw people and their connection to the earth. You could also read We Are All Treaty People from Treaty Education Nova Scotia. As business communicators, it is essential to know your audience and understand their world view.

In your acknowledgment, you can show respect by referring to the specific Indigenous peoples from the land you are on and the name of the territory. In a speech, pronounce these names correctly and use the correct grammatical form.

• In much of Atlantic Canada, acknowledge the land as Mi’kma’ki , pronounced “Meeg mah gee” (“The university is located in Mi’kma’ki”).
• Use the word Mi’kmaq to refer to these Indigenous people in the plural (“The relationship between settlers and the Mi’kmaq is decreed in the Peace and Friendship Treaties”).
• Use Mi’kmaw to refer to a person in the singular or as an adjective (“The Mi’kmaw people retain rights to Mi’kmaw governance and resource management”).

You may wish to greet your audience by saying hello in the Indigenous language of your territory. In Mi’kma’qi this word is kwe’ (pronounced “gway”). Only Indigenous leaders should welcome others onto their territory.

Explore Issues with Acknowledgments

Land Acknowledgments can be meaningful celebrations of Indigenous people and lands. Often, however, these acknowledgments fail to demonstrate movement toward Reconciliation because they are

• formulaic and scripted rather than personal;
• using language not fully understood by the speaker or audience;
• institutional requirements rather than authentic reflections; or,
• disconnected from the event or meeting that it precedes.

The following 2-minute video from the Baroness von Sketch Show illustrates the problem created when satisfying institutional obligations produces inauthentic results.

(Direct link to Land Acknowledgment on the Baroness von Sketch Show video)

Consider Actions You Can Take

To be meaningful and sincere, Land Acknowledgments should state what actions you will take to support Reconciliation. The Native Governance Center (USA) suggests that the focus of acknowledgments should be on “the all-important action steps for supporting Indigenous communities”:

[W]e encourage you to commit the bulk of your writing time to outlining the concrete ways that you plan to support Indigenous communities into the future. Otherwise, your land acknowledgement statement simply becomes yet another form of ‘optical allyship.’

Latham Thomas [2glowmaven] (2008) defines optical allyship as allyship that platforms the “ally” at the surface level but “doesn’t go beneath the surface and is not aimed at breaking away from the systems of power that oppress.”

Think about actions you can take toward Reconciliation. This commitment to action indicates that your acknowledgment is not merely performative but a sincerely motivated effort to dismantle colonialistic practices and develop just and mutual relationships with Indigenous people. For example, you might commit to

• • • supporting Indigenous business,
    • learning about Indigenous peoples in your region,
    • fostering business relationships with Indigenous suppliers,
    • exposing business practices that devalue the Indigenous community and exploit people and the planet for profit,
    • identifying methods of systematically oppressing Indigenous people in business dealings and eliminating barriers,
    • recognizing the historic economic exclusion of Indigenous people and working toward eliminating inequalities,
    • working toward removing economic disadvantages that have led to missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls, or
    • learning about sustainable economic development.

A genuinely expressed statement of action demonstrates your desire to establish positive, authentic relationships with both your Indigenous and non-Indigenous audiences.

Creating Your Acknowledgment

Your Land Acknowledgment should be a personal statement, unique to you and the place and time in which you deliver it. In your statement you should do the following:

1. Name the Indigenous territory on which your meeting or event takes place, and, if you are not residing in that location, the territory on which you are living. Also name the Indigenous people who live in your region and have acted as past, present, and future stewards of the land, the water, and all its plants and animals.

2. Explain who you are, your relationship to this land, and what treaty(s) establish your relationship with the land and its people.  Are you here as a student? A settler? Have you immigrated to Canada? Why are you thankful to be here? What are the treaties or agreements that our ancestors committed to?

3. State the actions you might take to support Reconciliation.

4. Connect the acknowledgment to the purpose of the meeting. Think about the purpose of your event or meeting. Consider the relevance of the Land Acknowledgment to this purpose.

Deliver the Acknowledgment

Deliver the acknowledgment of Indigenous peoples and land extemporaneously– without a script, notes, or memorization. By delivering your message extemporaneously, you demonstrate your authenticity and heartfelt commitment. Your audience will see you as genuine and trustworthy, essential qualities for building lasting relationships.

Conclusion

A Land Acknowledgment at the start of a presentation is one way to demonstrate a commitment to the Truth and Reconciliation (TRC) Calls to Action and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It is not, however, the end of your responsibility in working toward Reconciliation. Reconciliation is an ongoing process. Nor is it the end of your organization’s responsibility. Businesses further Reconciliation by building relationships with Indigenous communities, consumers and suppliers; contributing to economic developments that benefit Indigenous peoples; training employees for intercultural competency and appropriate conflict resolution;  and developing and employing Indigenous talent. As future business leaders, you have an essential role in moving Canada toward fair and respectful business practices.

The examples, glossary, and section on “Acknowledging People and Land for Indigenous Speakers” have been created by Dalhousie Commerce students, who are listed as authors on this chapter. This chapter has been reviewed by Indigenous readers, and their suggestions have been incorporated. Wela’lioq.