Review Questions
4. Which of the following is not contained in phylum Chordata?
- Cephalochordata
- Echinodermata
- Urochordata
- Vertebrata
5. Which group of invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?
- cephalochordates
- echinoderms
- arthropods
- urochordates
6. Hagfish, lampreys, sharks, and tuna are all chordates that can also be classified into which group?
- Craniates
- Vertebrates
- Cartilaginous fish
- Cephalochordata
7. Members of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having (a) ________.
- jaw
- bony skeleton
- cartilaginous skeleton
- two sets of paired fins
8. Members of Chondrichthyes are thought to be descended from fishes that had ________.
- a cartilaginous skeleton
- a bony skeleton
- mucus glands
- slime glands
9. A marine biologist catches a species of fish she has never seen before. Upon examination, she determines that the species has a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton and a swim bladder. If its pectoral fins are not fused with its head, to which category of fish does the specimen belong?
- Rays
- Osteichthyes
- Sharks
- Hagfish
10. Which of the following is not true of Acanthostega?
- It was aquatic.
- It had gills.
- It had four limbs.
- It laid shelled eggs.
11. Frogs belong to which order?
- Anura
- Urodela
- Caudata
- Apoda
12. During the Mesozoic period, diapsids diverged into_______.
- pterosaurs and dinosaurs
- mammals and reptiles
- lepidosaurs and archosaurs
- Testudines and Sphenodontia
13. Squamata includes_______.
- crocodiles and alligators
- turtles
- tuataras
- lizards and snakes
14. Which of the following reptile groups gave rise to modern birds?
- Lepidosaurs
- Pterosaurs
- Anapsids
- Archosaurs
15. A bird or feathered dinosaur is ________.
- Neornithes
- Archaeopteryx
- Enantiornithes
- Paleognathae
16. Which of the following feather types helps to reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight?
- Flight feathers
- Primary feathers
- Secondary feathers
- Contour feathers
17. Eccrine glands produce ________.
- sweat
- lipids
- scents
- milk
18. Monotremes include:
- kangaroos.
- koalas.
- bandicoots.
- platypuses.
19. The evolution of which of the following features of mammals is hardest to trace through the fossil record?
- Jaw structure
- Mammary glands
- Middle ear structure
- Development of hair
20. Which of the following is not an anthropoid?
- Lemurs
- Monkeys
- Apes
- Humans
21. Which of the following is part of a clade believed to have died out, leaving no descendants?
- Paranthropus robustus
- Australopithecus africanus
- Homo erectus
- Homo sapiens sapiens
22. Which of the following human traits is not a shared characteristic of primates?
- Hip structure supporting bipedalism
- Detection and processing of three-color vision
- Nails at the end of each digit
- Enlarged brain area associated with vision, and reduced area associated with smell