Review Questions
4. Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of
- monomers
- polymers
- water and polymers
- none of the above
5. During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?
- hydrolysis
- dehydration
- condensation
- covalent bond
6. The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2):
C2H6O + CH3COOH
What type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?
- condensation
- hydrolysis
- combustion
- acid-base reaction
7. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
- fructose
- glucose
- galactose
- all of the above
8. Cellulose and starch are examples of:
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- lipids
- polysaccharides
9. Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
- starch
- cellulose
- glycogen
- lactose
10. Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________.
- glycosidic; lactose
- glycosidic; galactose
- hydrogen; sucrose
- hydrogen; fructose
11. Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates?
- protect an insect’s internal organs from external trauma
- prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered
- maintain the shape of a fungal spore
- provide energy for muscle movement
12. Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:
- they are solid at room temperature
- they have single bonds within the carbon chain
- they are usually obtained from animal sources
- they tend to dissolve in water easily
13. Phospholipids are important components of ________.
- the plasma membrane of cells
- the ring structure of steroids
- the waxy covering on leaves
- the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
14. Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane?
- on the extracellular surface
- embedded with the phospholipid heads
- within the tail bilayer
- attached to the intracellular surface
15. The monomers that make up proteins are called ________.
- nucleotides
- disaccharides
- amino acids
- chaperones
16. The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
17. Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure.
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
18. A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________.
- ribose, uracil, and a phosphate group
- deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group
- deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
- ribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
19. The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________.
- sugars
- nitrogenous bases
- peptides
- nucleotides
20. How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?
- The sugar-phosphate backbone provides a template for DNA replication.
- tRNA pairing with the template strand creates proteins encoded by the genome.
- Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure.
- Complementary base pairing allows for easy editing of both strands of DNA.