- adventitious
- describes an organ that grows in an unusual place, such as a roots growing from the side of a stem
- antheridium
- male gametangium
- archegonium
- female gametangium
- capsule
- case of the sporangium in mosses
- charophyte
- other term for green algae; considered the closest relative of land plants
- club mosses
- earliest group of seedless vascular plants
- diplontic
- diploid stage is the dominant stage
- embryophyte
- other name for land plant; embryo is protected and nourished by the sporophyte
- extant
- still-living species
- extinct
- no-longer-existing species
- fern
- seedless vascular plant that produces large fronds; the most advanced group of seedless vascular plants
- gametangium
- structure on the gametophyte in which gametes are produced
- gemma
- (plural, gemmae) leaf fragment that spreads for asexual reproduction
- haplodiplodontic
- haploid and diploid stages alternate
- haplontic
- haploid stage is the dominant stage
- heterosporous
- produces two types of spores
- homosporous
- produces one type of spore
- hornworts
- group of non-vascular plants in which stomata appear
- horsetail
- seedless vascular plant characterized by joints
- lignin
- complex polymer impermeable to water
- liverworts
- most primitive group of the non-vascular plants
- lycophyte
- club moss
- megaphyll
- larger leaves with a pattern of branching veins
- megaspore
- female spore
- microphyll
- small size and simple vascular system with a single unbranched vein
- microspore
- male spore
- mosses
- group of bryophytes in which a primitive conductive system appears
- non-vascular plant
- plant that lacks vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients
- peat moss
- Sphagnum
- peristome
- tissue that surrounds the opening of the capsule and allows periodic release of spores
- phloem
- tissue responsible for transport of sugars, proteins, and other solutes
- protonema
- tangle of single-celled filaments that forms from the haploid spore
- rhizoids
- thin filaments that anchor the plant to the substrate
- seedless vascular plant
- plant that does not produce seeds
- seta
- stalk that supports the capsule in mosses
- sporocyte
- diploid cell that produces spores by meiosis
- sporophyll
- leaf modified structurally to bear sporangia
- sporopollenin
- tough polymer surrounding the spore
- streptophytes
- group that includes green algae and land plants
- strobili
- cone-like structures that contain the sporangia
- tracheophyte
- vascular plant
- vascular plant
- plant containing a network of cells that conducts water and solutes through the organism
- vein
- bundle of vascular tissue made of xylem and phloem
- whisk fern
- seedless vascular plant that lost roots and leaves by reduction
- xylem
- tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients