Review Questions
3. Seed plants are ________.
- all homosporous
- mostly homosporous with some heterosporous
- mostly heterosporous with some homosporous
- all heterosporous
4. Besides the seed, what other major structure diminishes a plant’s reliance on water for reproduction?
- flower
- fruit
- pollen
- spore
5. In which of the following geological periods would gymnosperms dominate the landscape?
- Carboniferous
- Permian
- Triassic
- Eocene (present)
6. Which of the following structures widens the geographic range of a species and is an agent of dispersal?
- seed
- flower
- leaf
- root
7. Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?
- The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves.
- Reproductive structures are located in a flower.
- After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit.
- The gametophyte is the longest phase of the life cycle.
8. Megasporocytes will eventually produce which of the following?
- pollen grain
- sporophytes
- male gametophytes
- female gametophytes
9. What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte?
- 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n
- 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n
- 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n
- 2n, 2n, 1n, 1n
10. In the northern forests of Siberia, a tall tree is most likely a:
- conifer
- cycad
- Ginkgo biloba
- gnetophyte
11. Which of the following structures in a flower is not directly involved in reproduction?
- the style
- the stamen
- the sepal
- the anther
12. Pollen grains develop in which structure?
- the anther
- the stigma
- the filament
- the carpel
13. In the course of double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg and the second one fuses with ________.
- the synergids
- the polar nuclei of the center cell
- the egg as well
- the antipodal cells
14. Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. It is most likely:
- a gymnosperm
- a monocot
- a eudicot
- a basal angiosperm
15. Which of the following plant structures is not a defense against herbivory?
- thorns
- spines
- nectar
- alkaloids
16. White and sweet-smelling flowers with abundant nectar are probably pollinated by
- bees and butterflies
- flies
- birds
- wind
17. Abundant and powdery pollen produced by small, indistinct flowers is probably transported by:
- bees and butterflies
- flies
- birds
- wind
18. Plants are a source of ________.
- food
- fuel
- medicine
- all of the above