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Chapter 8 – Osmotic Stress

Introduction

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Figure 8.1 The effects of different osmotic environments on a human erythrocyte (red blood cells) placed in a medium with solute concentration (A) greater than, (B) equal to, or (C) lower than that of the cell’s cytosol, as shown by phase contrast light microscopy. (credit: modification of Zephyris, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

Understanding osmotic stress is of utmost importance because it is frequently encountered by organisms in aquatic environments. In addition, almost all cells are in an aqueous (water-based) environment, such as the red blood cells (Figure 8.1) and most other cells in our own bodies. Osmotic stress is caused by a dramatic shift in osmotic pressure in a cell’s environment, and has the ability to dramatically alter the structure of a cell, as seen in Figure 8.1. Although environments with unbalanced ion concentrations have the potential to create significant consequences, there are numerous strategies cells have evolved to sense and combat osmotic stress under different conditions.

Chapter Outline

8.1 Challenges Associated with Osmotic Stress

8.2 Sensing Osmotic Stress/Shock

8.3 Strategies and Mechanisms for Osmotic Stress Tolerance

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