Chapter 9 – Hypoxia and Anoxia Stress
Introduction
Organisms and their cells are subject to continuously changing ecosystems, imposing challenges on their survival. An example of these challenges is reduced oxygen levels, which occurs in a many environments ranging from aquatic to terrestrial. When oxygen availability in cells is limited, the cells experience stress. There are a variety of factors that limit cellular access to oxygen, such as ice formation, algae blooms, and even certain diseases (e.g., anemia). Throughout this chapter, we will explore how oxygen limitation impacts cells, which can help us understand how multicellular organisms survive in environments with low oxygen.
Chapter Outline
9.1 Challenges Associated with Oxygen Limitation
9.2 Sensing Hypoxic and Anoxic Conditions
9.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Anoxia Tolerance