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Chapter 10 – Oxidative Stress

Introduction

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Figure 10.1. The mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) is crucial for cellular respiration (ATP synthesis powered by breakdown of organic molecules) in eukaryotic cells. The reduction of oxygen to water at complex IV is essential to ETS function. However, incomplete reduction of oxygen results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Oxygen is vital for many organisms (including humans) to live, but oxygen can also be a source of stress in cells (Figure 10.1). This is because the oxygen we need for ATP production can also form reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause damage to cells if not controlled, resulting in oxidative stress. In our bodies oxidative stress can cause damage at the organ or whole animal level, contributing to early aging and development of health issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Chapter Outline

10.1 Challenges Associated with Oxidative Stress

10.2 Sensing Oxidative Stress

10.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress Tolerance

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